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All cars built since January 1, 1996 have OBD-II systems. Manufacturers started incorporating OBD-II in various models as early as 1994. The root of this development and implementation was the passing of the congress clean air act (1970). Progression of sensor and emissions technology also required more sophisticated computers to manage the information and controls. OBD-II is an expanded set of standards and practices developed by SAE and adopted by the EPA and CARB (California Air Resources Board) for implementation by January 1, 1996.

One tool every backyard mechanic should invest in is a good OBD-II scanner. An OBD-II scanner can save you time and money when troubleshooting car troubles or to get information on the health of your next salvaged car or truck restoration.

Every OBD-II error code is a warning that something could be very wrong inside your car. It can tell the difference between a broken gas cap and a more expensive fuel pump or oxygen sensor problem, but you will still have to investigate the error. Investment in a good FSM, Field Service Manual, for the make and model of the vehicle you are working on is paramount to match up the error code pulled from the OBD-II. Matching the error to teh FSM should give details and possible resolutions. The Internet is also a valuable resource.

Keep in mind that OBD-II is a standard in only the broadest sense, and some carmakers use proprietary codes and keep their meaning secret. Although it can't compare with the dealer's more sophisticated device, there's a lot you can do with a $100 auto scanner or kit that uses a notebook or a PDA. The bottom line is that an OBD-II scanner is essential equipment for today's shade-tree mechanic.